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Ocean
Watch
Monday, April 3, 2000
Why don’t fish close
their eyes to sleep?
ONE afternoon last week, my 10-year-old nephew and his
friend sat on the floor near my desk playing Trivial Pursuits Junior. I
wasn't paying much attention to them until I heard the question, "Why
don't fish close their eyes when they sleep?"
My nephew didn't know -- and neither did I. Delighted
at our ignorance, the friend shouted out the answer.
Days later, the sleeping fish thing still bugged me.
Were all the questions that tricky? I gathered the game cards and found 25
other marine questions. You be the judge of their level of difficulty:
1. Do baby seals know how to swim at birth?
2. What name describes a tornado that forms over a calm
sea?
3. What type of fish is known for its lack of scales?
4. What's the biggest ocean in the world?
5. What will happen to a starfish that loses its arm?
6. Where are a crab's teeth?
7. Is it possible for a whale to drown?
8. What's the average number of penguins a polar bear
will eat per day in the wild?
9. Are sponges plants or animals?
10. Why don't fish close their eyes when they sleep?
Answers:
1. No. Unlike whales and dolphins, baby seals are born
on land and need intensive care from their mothers before they can survive
in the ocean. This includes nursing the pups with milk containing about 50
percent fat and protecting them from predators.
After a baby seal is weaned, it often sticks around its
birth area for a while learning how to swim and forage in the safety of
shallow water.
2. A waterspout.
3. Catfish. OK, catfish aren't marine but they are
grown in some of Hawaii's aquaculture ponds for food. These nocturnal fish
have whisker-like barbells around the mouth and venomous spines on their
back and side fins. But they don't have scales.
4. We're in the middle of it: the Pacific Ocean.
5. It grows a new one. Starfish (sometimes called sea
stars) exhibit amazing powers of regeneration. If an arm is eaten or
broken off, starfish grow a new one. If at least one-fifth of the central
disc is attached to a lost arm, it can grow into an entire new starfish.
Regeneration is slow. It can take a whole year for a
new starfish limb to be complete.
6. In their stomach. Crabs have three teeth in a
chamber called the gastric mill, where food is chewed. This chamber is
comparable to gizzards in birds.
7. Yes. All whales breathe air and can drown if held
under water longer than they can hold their breath. Humpback whales can
stay down for as long as 45 minutes. Usually, however, they take a breath
at the surface every 10 to 15 minutes. Calves breathe every 3 to 5
minutes. If trapped underwater in fishing nets or lines, whales will most
certainly drown.
8. None. Polar bears live only in the Arctic whereas
penguins live only in the Antarctic (and other parts of the Southern
Hemisphere). The two animals would never cross paths except in a zoo.
9. Animals. Weird animals. Sponges don't move and don't
have organs. Because of this the ancient naturalist Aristotle declared
sponges plants. Then in 1765 someone noticed water currents running
through sponges and determined that they were actually primitive animals.
10. They don't have eyelids, of course.
Got some wrong? So did I. But since I have now cheated,
the next time the kids ask me a question from this game, I'll know the
answer.
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