Ocean
Watch
Friday, March 15, 2002
These snail biters
are both boring
and interesting
Last week, on the beach I found two small seashells,
both missing their inhabitants. One was a nerite, a black snail about a
half-inch long with fine spiral lines on its shell. These common algae
grazers are easy to find clustered together in cracks and under ledges in
the ocean's splash zone.
The other shell I found formerly belonged to a worm
snail. These creatures live in tubular shells, often spiral-shape, and
spend their entire adult lives cemented to rocks. To feed, they cast out
stringy, mucus nets that snare passing food particles.
Like nerites, worm snails are also common here, ranging
from tide pools to about 40 feet down. If you go to the beach, you've seen
both these snails.
I picked up the still-perfect shells and discovered
that each had a neat hole drilled in it. "I wonder who made these holes?"
I said when I got home.
"Moon snails," my husband said, examining the
cleaned-out shells.
"What's a moon snail?" I asked.
"Snails that drill holes."
I drew a blank. "Do I know about moon snails?"
He shrugged. "I don't know. But I do."
I hate it when he does that.
Moon snails do indeed drill holes in, and eat, other
snails. These carnivores live beneath the sand, plowing along in search of
other shelled animals to eat. When the moon snail finds a meal, it
secretes a chemical substance onto the prey's shell to weaken it. The
predator drills a hole into the thinned shell with its long, tooth-bearing
tongue and devours everything inside.
But moon snails didn't quite fit the picture of my dead
nerite and worm snail. Most of Hawaii's moon snails are either rare or
found in deep water. And the most common one here specializes in eating
clams.
I called the Waikiki Aquarium. "Drupes," said education
specialist Carol Hopper.
"What's a drupe?" I asked. (OK, so I don't know my
snails.)
"A family of boring snails," she said. Carol, having
once studied these creatures, filled me in.
Drupes, sometimes called rock shells, are common in
shallow water and on beaches. Again, if you go to the beach, you've seen
drupes. Some of these inch-or-so-long snails have beautiful purple
splotches around their openings. Hawaii hosts at least 27 species of these
little snails.
Drupes eat, among other things, nerites and worm snails
by drilling neat holes in the prey's shells. So, hah, the attackers of my
beach shells were not moon snails. They were drupes.
He hates it when I do that.
Researchers have extensively studied another family of
boring snails called murexes, because they wreak havoc in commercial
oyster beds.
Both American and Japanese murexes have accidentally
gotten around the world in shipments of oysters. These drills, as they are
sometimes called, turn the front of their foot inside out and apply an
acid substance that dissolves the oyster shell's hard minerals. The snail
drills for about one minute and then applies acid for about 30 minutes,
repeating the cycle until the shell is pierced. This can take up to eight
hours.
Once the murex penetrates the shell, the oyster is
toast.
Hawaii hosts only eight murex species, and all usually
live in deep water. Still, these snails are familiar, even to those of us
who don't know their snails. Murexes are those fancy shells covered with
long, spiny projections.
I found boring snails quite interesting. Now I'm off to
the beach to look for something my husband never heard of.
|