Ocean
Watch
Friday, August 3, 2001
Cornetfish can vanish
into thin air

Here's a fun fish question I received by e-mail last
week from a reader, Lynn: "I have been trying for years to find the
name of a fish I saw a couple of times whilst snorkeling off the beach of
Mahe in the Seychelles. Both times I tried to show it to my husband, it
disappeared! It was long, about one meter, rather like a pipe, with a long
'snouty' nose, and incredibly, it had a long wirelike appendage hanging
from its tail. ... I'm really curious because I feel that that particular
fish was communicating with me."
That fish did communicate with Lynn, because the
sighting happened nine years ago and she still remembers it.
The fish was a cornetfish, also called Fistularia,
meaning pipe in Latin.
There are four types of cornetfish in the world, all
growing to about 5 feet long including the "tail." This
extension is a strand of soft tissue trailing from the rear of the fish.
Some people once believed the cornetfish's filament
tail was a stinger, but that's not true.
Not one of my nine fish books mentions a theory about
what use this filament may have to the fish.
My guess is that it makes the fish look bigger to
potential predators.
Cornetfish have the same predators as other reef fish
-- that is, carnivorous fish bigger than themselves -- but they also have
to be careful about swimming close to the surface.
One early Hawaii researcher mentions finding skeletons
of cornetfish on remote Necker Island, where seabirds carried them ashore.
Cornetfish are efficient predators themselves, eating
small fish and shrimp by sucking them into their expandable mouths. One
researcher even found a lionfish inside the stomach of a cornetfish.
Apparently, cornetfish are unharmed by lionfish toxin.
Cornetfish get close to their prey in several ways.
Sometimes they hang or drift motionless in the water like a stick. When an
unwary fish swims by, the "stick" comes alive and vacuums up a
meal.
Fish that hunt like this are called water-column
stalkers and include the cornetfish's' close cousins, the trumpetfish.
Cornetfish also hunt by "riding" on top of a
parrotfish. In this fashion, the cornetfish uses the herbivorous
parrotfish as a mobile cover from which the cornetfish can ambush small
fish.
This is a good example of a type of symbiosis called
commensalism, where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
The most common cornetfish in Hawaii have greenish
backs with light blue spots and lines. Below, they are silvery white.
These fish, however, can change color rapidly to blend
into their surroundings.
At night or when resting on the bottom, Hawaii's
cornetfish take on dark barred patterns.
Cornetfish are docile animals that sometimes allow
swimmers to get close enough for an eye-to-eye encounter. Sudden movement,
however, spooks them, and they dart into hiding so fast it seems they
disappeared into thin air.
I suspect this is what happened when Lynn tried to show
the fish to her husband.
Now, finally, after nine years of wondering, Lynn has
proof that her odd fish really exists.
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