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Ocean
Watch
Monday, October 16, 2000
Frigate birds soar but
can’t swim or walk
LAST week, a reader named Leland left me a phone
message asking about a big bird he often sees near Magic Island.
When I called him, he said that he and his wife marvel
at this solitary bird, which is all black except for a white patch on its
chest. It has a wingspan of at least 5 feet and flies for hours without
flapping its wings. Sometimes they watch it swoop deftly to the ocean's
surface, then rise again to float on the wind.
Before I even returned the call, I knew this bird --
but not because I'm an expert at bird identification.
I, too, spend time around Magic Island, and I know that
specific bird. This remarkable creature gracing the Ala Moana Beach Park
area is a female great frigate bird.
It's easy to overestimate the size of animals in the
distance but in this case, Leland's guess was short.
Hawaii's frigate birds have a wingspan of 7 feet.
Here's another amazing fact: These enormous birds weigh
only about 3 pounds. This low body weight, combined with the huge wings
and a forked tail (the bird's rudder), is what allows these seabirds to
soar all day, nearly effortlessly, on thermal drafts.
Frigate birds do more than float in the air. These
Thunderbirds of the avian world perform dramatic midair acrobatics such as
stops, starts, twists and loops. But they pay a price for such aerial
elegance: Frigate birds can't swim or walk. That means if they aren't
flying or perched, they're in trouble.
WHEN I called Leland back, I told him frigate birds
don't land on water because their feathers aren't waterproof. I was wrong.
Of all Hawaii's seabirds, only sooty terns lack waterproof feathers.
Frigate birds don't land on the water (or the ground) because their short
legs and broad wings make it difficult, if not impossible, to take off.
Consequently, frigate birds must either pluck fish and
squid from the water's surface or steal it from other seabirds.
Although frigate birds catch most of their own fish and
squid, they occasionally use their exceptional flying skills to harass
booby birds and shearwaters into regurgitating their food. Sometimes
frigate birds do this in pairs or groups.
I once saw two frigate birds each grab a red-footed
booby's leg in mid-air and flip it head over heels.
In the tumble, the booby bird dropped its fish and both
frigate birds dove for it. They brawled over the food for a while, but it
seemed more like a game than a fight.
In some parts of the world, frigate birds snatch up
newly hatched sea turtles from the beach. For reasons unknown, this
behavior is rare, if not absent, among Hawaii's frigate birds.
People have long recognized that frigate birds are
occasional bandits. Their English name comes from the fast fighting ships,
called frigates, used by pirates in the 18th and 19th centuries.
In Hawaiian, the bird's name is 'iwa, meaning thief.
In 1832, Protestant missionaries named the dormitory at
their Waialua girls' school Hale'iwa.
After the school closed, a hotel built near the dorm's
ruins adopted the name and eventually the community around it became known
as Hale'iwa.
No one knows why the missionaries chose this name
because frigate birds don't nest in the area nor do many soar near there.
But one does soar regularly at Magic Island, and like
Leland and his wife, the sight of this enormous seabird hanging in the sky
like a black kite always gives me a thrill. Cities just don't get better
than this.
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